WEBVTT FILE

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Paul Grogan has
always been athletic.

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The 53-year-old power
lifter and biker rarely

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went to the doctor - until
he had a problem that

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became too
embarrassing to ignore.

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 "About four years ago I started to experience some

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 leaking after urination.

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 It wasn't a large amount, just a drip or two, but

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 sometimes enough to actually be visible on my

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 pants to the outside world.

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 My girlfriend convinced me that I should go see a

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 doctor."

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Tests revealed Paul
had prostate cancer.

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Prostate cancer affects
the walnut-shaped gland

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that sits between the
bladder and penis.

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The prostate releases
fluid that nourishes sperm

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and helps carry it
out of your body.

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To diagnose prostate
cancer, doctors use a

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combination of tests
including a PSA blood test

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and a biopsy, in which
samples of tissue are

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removed and examined
under a microscope.

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 "The doctor took 17 biopsy samples and 10 of those

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 came back positive for cancer."

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Your health care provider
will use your test results

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to figure out what's
known as a Gleason score.

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 "The Gleason score ranges from 2 to 10.

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 And the score tells how similar your cells are to

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 healthy cells within the prostate under the

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 microscope.

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 This also helps the doctor decide how likely your

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 cancer is to spread.

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 As the Gleason score becomes higher, the cancer

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 is likely to become more aggressive to grow outside

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 the prostate."

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Tests will also help your
provider identify your

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cancer stage.

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Prostate cancer
has four stages.

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Stage 1 cancer may be too
small for the doctor to

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feel, and it's only
in the prostate gland.

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Stage 2 prostate cancer
may be large enough to

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feel, but it hasn't spread
outside the prostate.

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Stage 3 cancer has grown
outside of the prostate,

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but it hasn't reached the
lymph nodes-bean-shaped

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glands that are part of
your immune system-or to

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other organs.

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And stage 4 cancer may
have spread to lymph

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nodes, bones,
and other organs.

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The treatment you get
will depend on your cancer

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stage, your age and
health, and your

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preferences.

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Some prostate cancers
don't need to be treated

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right away-or at all.

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 "Prostate cancer is generally a slow growing

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 cancer.

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 And for men who are over 70, who have prostate

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 cancer that has not spread beyond the prostate-they

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 can often opt for something called active

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 surveillance.

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 Active surveillance is where the doctor will

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 monitor your PSA every 6 months and do prostate

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 exams and will only treat your cancer if it starts

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 to grow."

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The treatment Paul chose
is a procedure called

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radical prostatectomy.

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 "This surgery removes the prostate and some of the

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 tissue around it.

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 When this is done through tiny incisions, this is

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 called a laparoscopic radical prostatectomy."

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Radiation is another
treatment that uses

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high-energy X-rays
delivered from a machine

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outside your body, or from
seeds implanted inside

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your body, to
kill cancer cells.

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It's an alternative
to surgery in men with

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early-stage prostate
cancers, or it can be used

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with hormone therapy in
cancers that have spread.

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Hormone therapy works by
lowering levels of male

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hormones called
androgens in your body.

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Prostate cancer needs
these hormones to grow.

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This treatment is an
option for prostate cancer

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that has spread.

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Chemotherapy uses drugs to
kill cancer cells all over

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your body.

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It may be an option if
your cancer has spread and

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hormone therapy
hasn't worked.

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Today, there's also a
vaccine that works against

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prostate cancer.

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 "Unlike vaccines for measles or mumps, which

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 prevent these infections, the prostate cancer

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 vaccine helps your immune system fight off the

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 cancer once you already have it."

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Surgery and other prostate
cancer treatments work

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well, but they can have
side effects-including

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controlling urination, as
well as trouble getting an

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erection, which
happened to Paul.

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Fortunately, the effect
was only temporary.

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 "I currently have a full and active sex life, I'm

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 happy to say."

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Paul is staying on top of
his health, getting PSA

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blood tests to make sure
the cancer hasn't come

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back and once again
following his fitness

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regimen.

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 "After the surgery they said I probably wouldn't

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 be able to walk that far, just because of just

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 general post-surgical recovery.

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 However, I'm really stubborn, so what should

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have been maybe a hundred
yards ended up being half

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 a mile.

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 Then it turned into a mile, then two."

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And with his cancer
successfully treated, Paul

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intends to keep going
the extra miles.